Mechanism of N(5)-Ethyl-flavinium Cation Formation Upon Electrochemical Oxidation of N(5)-Ethyl-4a-hydroxyflavin Pseudobase

Electronic properties of N(5)-ethyl flavinium ion.

We investigated the electronic properties of N(5)-ethyl flavinium perchlorate (Et-Fl(+)) and compared them to those of its parent compound, 3-methyllumiflavin (Fl). Absorption and fluorescence spectra of Fl and Et-Fl(+) exhibit similar spectral features, but the absorption energy of Et-Fl(+) is substantially lower than that of Fl. We calculated the absorption signatures of Fl and Et-Fl(+) using...

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Embedding of N5 and the contiguous degrees

Downey and Lempp 8] have shown that the contiguous computably enumerable (c.e.) degrees, i.e. the c.e. Turing degrees containing only one c.e. weak truth-table degree, can be characterized by a local distributivity property. Here we extend their result by showing that a c.e. degree a is noncontiguous if and only if there is an embedding of the nonmodular 5-element lattice N5 into the c.e. degre...

In vitro formation of ethyl glucuronide and ethyl sulfate

Aims: Ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and ethyl sulfate (EtS) are used as markers of alcohol consumption in various clinical and forensic settings. In controlled studies, their concentration considerably varies between subjects. Knowledge on glucuronosyltransferases (UGT) and sulfotransferases (SULT) catalyzing formation of EtG and EtS formation is as moderate as diverging. A possible influence of nutr...

Highly Selective Oxidation of Ethyl Lactate to Ethyl Pyruvate Catalyzed by Mesoporous Vanadia–Titania

The direct oxidative dehydrogenation of lactates with molecular oxygen is a "greener" alternative for producing pyruvates. Here we report a one-pot synthesis of mesoporous vanadia-titania (VTN), acting as highly efficient and recyclable catalysts for the conversion of ethyl lactate to ethyl pyruvate. These VTN materials feature high surface areas, large pore volumes, and high densities of isola...